DT4TD (Digital Twins for Tailings Dams)
Advancing under the Prototypes for Humanity Venture Building Programme

Satellite-Based Risk Monitoring for Mining Infrastructure
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The Challenge
Mining tailings dams are among the largest engineered structures on Earth, and some of the most dangerous. Failings can release vast volumes of toxic waste, leading to loss of life, environmental devastation, and long-term economic damage. Yet most tailings facilities are monitored through infrequent inspections, ground-based sensors, or reactive reporting, leaving operators, regulators, and communities without any real-time visibility into structural instability, deformation, or early warning signals – particularly in remote or high-risk regions.
The Solution
DT4TD creates a remote, satellite-based digital twin system that continuously monitors tailings dam stability from space. By combing Earth Observation data, remote sensing, and advanced modelling, the platform delivers early warning alerts, risk insights, and decision-ready intelligence – enabling mining operators and regulators to detect deformation, movement, or failure risks long before disasters occur.

Digital Twins 4 Tailings Dams (DT4TD) emerged from advanced research at the University of Oxford, translating cutting-edge Earth Observation science into a practical, scalable safety solution for the global mining industry. The technology enables continuous, independent, and remote monitoring of mine waste facilities, supporting safer operations, regulatory oversight, and more sustainable resource extraction. In 2025, Maral donated her Prototypes for Humanity Award, presented to her at COP28, to the University of Oxford’s History of Science Museum, alongside some of the world’s most significant historical scientific items.
At A Glance
Sector
Mining & Digital infrastructure
Headquarters
United Kingdom
Technology
Satellite-based digital twins for tailings dam monitoring and early warnin
Primary markets
Mining operators
regulators
insurers
environmental agencies
Economic Impact
Reduced financial risk from catastrophic tailing dam failures and associated liabilities
Lower monitoring and compliance costs
Improved investor confidence and insurance assessability through transparent data
Social Impact
Enhanced safety for workers and downstream communities living near tailings facilities
Early warning and response capability to prevent loss of life
Increased accountability and trust between operators, regulators, and local populations
Environmental Impact
Prevention of large-scale contamination of land and water ecosystems
Improved and long-term management of mine waste and industrial by-products
Leadership

Dr Maral Bayaraa
Founder, DT4TD
Dr Maral Bayaraa is a scientist with a track record of leading technical projects in both operational and cutting-edge R&D environments, with a particular focus on environmental sustainability. She is a DPhil researcher at the University of Oxford, a Keeley Scholar of Wadham College, supported by an Industrial Fellowship from the 1851 Royal Commission. Alongside her academic research, Maral is a Senior Earth Observation Consultant at the Satellite Applications Catapult, the UK government-backed innovation hub. She holds an MSci in Geology from the University of Bristol.